Live Mice Created from Adult Cells Reprogrammed
Mice were born and have even been able to procreate after being created from stem cells from reprogrammed adult cells, depending on the work of a Chinese team published in 2009.
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It is "the first definitive proof, to our knowledge, that the iPS cells are truly pluripotent, ie as versatile as embryonic stem cells, a characteristic" critical to therapeutic applications, "concluded by Qi Zhou (Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing) and his colleagues.
The ability of embryonic stem cells to differentiate to produce all types of human cells (blood, nerve, muscle ...) has made the challenge of medicine "regenerative" which would in future repair the heart or other organs, but their use raises ethical issues.
Thanks to the pioneering work in 2006 and 2007, Japanese researcher Shinya Yamanaka to program adult differentiated cells to become multi-purpose, cells induced pluripotent stem (iPS) are seen as an alternative to embryonic stem cells .
Since then, this technique was commonly used to reprogram the genomes of cells in a pluripotent state similar to embryonic cells, "recalls Qi Zhou in the study published online by the British scientific journal Nature.
To prove that the iPS cells are as versatile as embryonic stem cells, he showed that they could afford to produce live fertile mice.
Team Fani Qi Zeng and Zhou (Shanghai Jiao Tong University) has created 37 lines of iPS cells, three of which led to the birth of 27 mice, including the first-born named Tiny.
MAN-MADE: Tiny, live mice from iPS cells
One of them, a brown male adult was able to impregnate a female white coat and lead to second-generation mice in good health, according to researchers.
To produce viable mice, the researchers used as a cradle of biological cells called blastocysts with four sets of chromosomes (instead of two normal, one from the father and the other from the mother).
In this cradle (suitable for creating the placenta), they then injected iPS cells that have sent their own genetic heritage to all daughter cells forming the embryo. This proves, according to researchers, the iPS cells are pluripotent as embryonic stem cells.
Even if the cloning was not the objective of the experiment, it nevertheless leads to create animals with the same genetic program that the reprogrammed adult cells. The use of four sets of chromosomes (not both) to avoid mixing the DNA of the blastocyst, doomed to disappear, with iPS cells.
This technique avoids complex to create chimeras, animals whose cells all have the same genetic heritage. Small second-generation mice have uniformly brown coat, a sign that their parents are not chimeras, researchers stress.
At a press conference, they were encouraged to pursue "all forms of stem cell research, but are not limited to iPS cells."
The ability of embryonic stem cells to differentiate to produce all types of human cells (blood, nerve, muscle ...) has made the challenge of medicine "regenerative" which would in future repair the heart or other organs, but their use raises ethical issues.
Thanks to the pioneering work in 2006 and 2007, Japanese researcher Shinya Yamanaka to program adult differentiated cells to become multi-purpose, cells induced pluripotent stem (iPS) are seen as an alternative to embryonic stem cells .
Since then, this technique was commonly used to reprogram the genomes of cells in a pluripotent state similar to embryonic cells, "recalls Qi Zhou in the study published online by the British scientific journal Nature.
To prove that the iPS cells are as versatile as embryonic stem cells, he showed that they could afford to produce live fertile mice.
Team Fani Qi Zeng and Zhou (Shanghai Jiao Tong University) has created 37 lines of iPS cells, three of which led to the birth of 27 mice, including the first-born named Tiny.
MAN-MADE: Tiny, live mice from iPS cellsTo produce viable mice, the researchers used as a cradle of biological cells called blastocysts with four sets of chromosomes (instead of two normal, one from the father and the other from the mother).
In this cradle (suitable for creating the placenta), they then injected iPS cells that have sent their own genetic heritage to all daughter cells forming the embryo. This proves, according to researchers, the iPS cells are pluripotent as embryonic stem cells.
Even if the cloning was not the objective of the experiment, it nevertheless leads to create animals with the same genetic program that the reprogrammed adult cells. The use of four sets of chromosomes (not both) to avoid mixing the DNA of the blastocyst, doomed to disappear, with iPS cells.
This technique avoids complex to create chimeras, animals whose cells all have the same genetic heritage. Small second-generation mice have uniformly brown coat, a sign that their parents are not chimeras, researchers stress.
At a press conference, they were encouraged to pursue "all forms of stem cell research, but are not limited to iPS cells."
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